Zimmermann G
J Speech Hear Res. 1980 Mar;23(1):122-36.
Based on the data and discussion in the two preceding papers a preliminary model for disfluency is proposed. Stuttering is identified as movement patterns associated with perceptually judged disfluencies. It is suggested that the speech structures operate within certain ranges of variability in terms of their movement parameters and interarticulator temporal and spatial relations. This variability may be influenced by emotional, perceptual and/or physiological events. When the "normal" ranges are exceeded, the afferent nerve impulses generated alter the gains of associated brainstem reflexes. Altering of the reflex gains throws the articulatory system out of balance and a breakdown in behavior occurs, often manifested as oscillations or static positioning. The influence of physiological and environmental variables on neuromotor processes leading to these patterns is emphasized. The model suggested has been developed from inferences from movement patterns of the upper articulators. Thus, the patterns discussed involve these structures. It is suggested, however, that an understanding of the many behaviors associated with stuttering will be understood only by analyzing the behavioral and neurophysiological interactions among the respiratory, laryngeal, and supraglottal structures.
基于前两篇论文中的数据和讨论，提出了一个言语不流畅的初步模型。口吃被识别为与感知判断的言语不流畅相关的运动模式。研究表明，言语结构在其运动参数以及发音器官之间的时间和空间关系方面，在一定的变异性范围内运作。这种变异性可能受到情绪、感知和/或生理事件的影响。当超过“正常”范围时，产生的传入神经冲动会改变相关脑干反射的增益。反射增益的改变会使发音系统失去平衡，进而出现行为障碍，通常表现为振荡或静态定位。文中强调了生理和环境变量对导致这些模式的神经运动过程的影响。所提出的模型是根据对上发音器官运动模式的推断而发展出来的。因此，所讨论的模式涉及这些结构。然而，研究认为，只有通过分析呼吸、喉部和声门上结构之间的行为和神经生理相互作用，才能理解与口吃相关的众多行为。
