Abelson J S, Woods J H
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980;71(3):237-41. doi: 10.1007/BF00433057.
The effects of apomorphine (0.001--32.0 mg/kg) on elicited and operant pecking were studied in pigeons. Elicited pecking was measured in a 1-h observation test. Apomorphine caused dose-related increases in the pecking elicited by the drug in all the subjects, with maximal responding at 3.2 mg/kg. In contrast, operant responding on a multiple, 5 min fixed interval, 30 response fixed-ratio schedule revealed individual differences in sensitivity to the drug. A dose of 0.32 mg/kg eliminated key pecking in fixed-interval and fixed-ratio components in 4 (group 1) of the 15 subjects while 3.2 mg/kg eliminated responding in 9 other subjects (group 2), and 2 of the subjects (group 3) required 32.0 mg/kg to eliminate responding. The 13 birds in groups 1 and 2 showed decreases in operant responding with concomitant increases in elicited pecking. For the 2 remaining birds, increases in operant behavior were highly correlated with increased stereotypy. The effects of apomorphine on operant behavior appeared to depend on induced stereotypy, with rate-decreasing effects resulting from the disruption of ongoing behavior by stereotyped pecking aimed elsewhere in the chamber, and rate increases resulting from the redirection of elicited pecking towards the operant key.
研究了阿扑吗啡（0.001 - 32.0毫克/千克）对鸽子诱发啄击和操作性啄击的影响。在1小时的观察试验中测量诱发啄击。阿扑吗啡使所有受试动物中由该药物诱发的啄击呈剂量相关增加，在3.2毫克/千克时反应最大。相比之下，在多重、5分钟固定间隔、30次反应固定比率的时间表上的操作性反应显示出对该药物敏感性的个体差异。0.32毫克/千克的剂量使15只受试动物中的4只（第1组）在固定间隔和固定比率成分中消除了按键啄击，而3.2毫克/千克使另外9只受试动物（第2组）消除了反应，2只受试动物（第3组）需要32.0毫克/千克才能消除反应。第1组和第2组中的13只鸟表现出操作性反应减少，同时诱发啄击增加。对于其余2只鸟，操作性行为的增加与刻板行为的增加高度相关。阿扑吗啡对操作性行为的影响似乎取决于诱发的刻板行为，速率降低效应是由指向箱内其他地方的刻板啄击干扰正在进行的行为所致，而速率增加是由诱发啄击重新指向操作性按键所致。
