Brickenstein R
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr. 1980 Oct 17;122(42):1459-62.
If a chance accumulation or a strictly ordained society of people feels threatened in its economic, ideologio-religious or psychological existence, more frequently occurring individual reactions such as pathologically increased anxiety, fear and terror may become new symptoms; of particular community, the "summation phenomenon". This includes especially general unrest, a mood of crisis and readiness to panic. In a mass of humanity all requisites for the development of a panic are present. This can develop acutely, as a weak abortive failure, but it may also be chronic. Measures to prevent or control panic may only be successful if they take into consideration the genesis and nature of individually varied panics.
如果一个偶然形成或严格组织起来的人群在其经济、意识形态宗教或心理生存方面感到受到威胁，那么更频繁出现的个体反应，如病理性焦虑、恐惧和惊恐加剧，可能会成为新的症状；尤其是在特定群体中，会出现“总和现象”。这尤其包括普遍的不安、危机情绪和恐慌倾向。在大量人群中，恐慌发展的所有必要条件都已具备。恐慌可能急性发作，表现为轻微的未遂性发作，但也可能是慢性的。预防或控制恐慌的措施只有在考虑到个体不同恐慌的成因和性质时才可能成功。
