Singer T J
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1982 Mar;53(3):245-50.
This paper provides a review of the literature dealing with the psychological reactions of individuals and groups to disaster. The paper was intended for use by a broad readership and serves both as an introduction to the field as well as a resource document for workers already engaged in disaster planning and training. Characteristic stages of human response to disaster situations are discussed as well as the specific immediate reactions of individuals and groups. Phenomena such as "scapegoating," long-term reactions, reactions of rescue and relief personnel, psychological first aid, and disaster planning, are among the other topics examined.
本文对有关个人和群体对灾难的心理反应的文献进行了综述。该论文旨在供广大读者使用，既作为该领域的入门介绍，也作为已从事灾难规划和培训的工作人员的参考文件。文中讨论了人类对灾难情况的典型反应阶段，以及个人和群体的具体即时反应。诸如“替罪羊现象”、长期反应、救援和救济人员的反应、心理急救以及灾难规划等现象也在其他探讨的主题之列。
