Bell E F, Filer L J
Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):414-22. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.3.414.
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been credited with a variety of beneficial effects in the premature newborn infant. It has been thought that deficiency of vitamin E is at least partly responsible for the anemia which often occurs 4 to 6 wk after premature birth, and routine dietary supplementation with vitamin E is frequently recommended. However, critical analysis reveals that published controlled studies of vitamin E supplementation do not agree on the magnitude or even the existence of this protective effect against anemia. Analysis of commonly used feeding practices suggests that the dietary ratio of alpha-tocopherol to polyunsaturated fatty acids is generally sufficient to prevent manifestations of vitamin E deficiency without supplementation. Large parenteral doses of vitamin E have been purported to protect premature infants exposed to oxygen-enriched environments and mechanical ventilation from the complications of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Subsequent studies, however, have not yet substantiated encouraging early reports of these protective effects. At present, there seems to be no clearly established need for supplementing the premature infant's usual dietary intake of vitamin E.
维生素E（α-生育酚）被认为对早产新生儿有多种有益作用。人们认为维生素E缺乏至少部分导致了早产出生后4至6周常出现的贫血，因此经常建议常规饮食中补充维生素E。然而，批判性分析表明，已发表的关于补充维生素E的对照研究在这种对贫血的保护作用的程度甚至是否存在上并未达成一致。对常用喂养方式的分析表明，α-生育酚与多不饱和脂肪酸的饮食比例通常足以防止维生素E缺乏的表现，无需补充。大剂量肠外给予维生素E据称可保护暴露于富氧环境和机械通气的早产婴儿免受晶状体后纤维增生症和支气管肺发育不良并发症的影响。然而，后续研究尚未证实这些保护作用的早期令人鼓舞的报告。目前，似乎没有明确的证据表明需要补充早产婴儿通常饮食中维生素E的摄入量。
