Burrows G E
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1981 Feb;23(1):22-8.
Various cyanide antidotes were evaluated by comparing the effects of delay in time of therapy following oral administration of sodium cyanide in sheep. Successful therapy of lethal doses of sodium cyanide could be accomplished with the more potent antidotes for up to 30 minutes following administration of sodium cyanide. Either 660 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate or 1 mg/kg p-aminopropriophenone were effective antidotes for moderate lethal doses (7.6 mg/kg) of sodium cyanide. The conventional low dosage nitrite/thiosulfate (6.7 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg) was much less effective. Larger doses (15.2 mg/kg) of sodium cyanide were effectively antagonized by either 660 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate alone or in combination with 1.5 mg/kg p-aminopropriophenone or 22 mg/kg sodium nitrite. At high cyanide dosage, p-aminopropriophenone alone was less effective than sodium thiosulfate alone. Sodium thiosulfate at high dosage appears to be the antidote of choice. This more closely satisfies the requirements of high efficacy and low toxicity for an antidote. Sodium nitrate or other antidotes may be used in conjunction with sodium thiosulfate, but their use is not necessary for high efficacy.
通过比较绵羊口服氰化钠后治疗时间延迟的影响，对各种氰化物解毒剂进行了评估。在给予氰化钠后长达30分钟内，使用效力更强的解毒剂可成功治疗致死剂量的氰化钠。660毫克/千克硫代硫酸钠或1毫克/千克对氨基苯丙酮是中度致死剂量（7.6毫克/千克）氰化钠的有效解毒剂。传统的低剂量亚硝酸盐/硫代硫酸钠（6.7毫克/千克和67毫克/千克）效果要差得多。单独使用660毫克/千克硫代硫酸钠，或与1.5毫克/千克对氨基苯丙酮或22毫克/千克亚硝酸钠联合使用，可有效对抗较大剂量（15.2毫克/千克）的氰化钠。在高氰化物剂量下，单独使用对氨基苯丙酮的效果不如单独使用硫代硫酸钠。高剂量硫代硫酸钠似乎是首选解毒剂。这更符合解毒剂高效低毒的要求。硝酸钠或其他解毒剂可与硫代硫酸钠联合使用，但对于高效治疗而言并非必需。
