Akers M J, Schrank G D, Russell S
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Sep;38(9):1304-7.
The particulate matter contamination of four commercial parenteral nutrition solutions that contained high concentrations of amino acids and dextrose was evaluated. Electron particle counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the amount of particulate matter over a 24-hour-period. The effect of adding 10 meq calcium and 20 meq phosphate electrolytes on the particulate content of these four solutions was determined also. Both counting methods agreed in the rank order comparison of particulate contamination, in that the Abbott and Travenol solutions contained the fewest particles while the Cutter solutions contained the most. The addition of calcium and phosphate resulted in at least a 50% increase in the mean particle count of all solutions. The SEM analysis showed the mean presence of microscopically large, yet subvisible, particles in the solutions containing phosphate and calcium. All of the solutions followed a previously published relationship between particle number and size. Although all of the solutions contained particulate matter, even the solutions with calcium and phosphate contained fewer particles than allowable by the USP-NF standard.
对四种含有高浓度氨基酸和葡萄糖的市售肠外营养溶液的颗粒物污染情况进行了评估。使用电子粒子计数和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）在24小时内评估颗粒物的数量。还测定了添加10毫当量钙和20毫当量磷酸盐电解质对这四种溶液颗粒物含量的影响。两种计数方法在颗粒物污染的排序比较中结果一致，即雅培和特拉文诺尔溶液中的颗粒最少，而卡特溶液中的颗粒最多。添加钙和磷酸盐后，所有溶液的平均颗粒计数至少增加了50%。SEM分析显示，在含有磷酸盐和钙的溶液中平均存在微观上较大但不可见的颗粒。所有溶液均符合先前发表的颗粒数量与大小之间的关系。尽管所有溶液都含有颗粒物，但即使是含有钙和磷酸盐的溶液，其颗粒数量也低于美国药典-国家处方集（USP-NF）标准允许的数量。
