Dudley D L, Pitts-Poarch A R
Clin Chest Med. 1980 Jan;1(1):131-43.
By fashion we have been taught that causes of medical and surgical diseases are known; yet in reality very little was understood about disease until recently, and we still operate in a scientific twilight. We have worked with myths inventing scientific explanations to cover our lack of knowledge about the causative factors in illness, and we have traditionally examined physiologic organ systems from a fragmented perspective. The psychological variables of behavior and emotion have not been considered as directly related to physiological functioning. Consequently, by convention, certain disease entities have been defined and categorized by behavior and feelings. Persons function as a psychobiologic unit. A complex interplay between persons and their environment determines their state of health. Identification and appropriate application of the physiologic and psychological components have been disassociated to such an extent that the systematic relationship of behavioral and physical patterns of functioning are not recognized. Nevertheless, with increasing awareness of respiratory psychobiologic adaptive influences, the chemical and mechanical control system is better understood. The existence of secondary breathing disorders, in pulmonary disease, are not isolated to a physiologic genesis. With the advent of new instruments (i.e., Coping Scale and Schedule of Recent Experience) to measure and quantify adaptive factors, wide swings of activation can be more readily stabilized.
时尚观念使我们相信，医学和外科疾病的病因是已知的；然而实际上，直到最近我们对疾病的了解仍非常有限，我们仍在科学的朦胧状态中摸索。我们一直依据一些错误观念，编造科学解释来掩盖我们对疾病致病因素的无知，而且传统上我们从碎片化的角度来检查生理器官系统。行为和情绪的心理变量并未被视为与生理功能直接相关。因此，按照惯例，某些疾病实体是根据行为和感觉来定义和分类的。人作为一个心理生物学单元发挥作用。人与环境之间复杂的相互作用决定了他们的健康状况。生理和心理成分的识别与恰当应用已被极大地割裂开来，以至于行为和身体功能模式之间的系统关系未被认识到。然而，随着对呼吸心理生物学适应性影响的认识不断增加，化学和机械控制系统得到了更好的理解。肺部疾病中继发性呼吸障碍的存在并非仅源于生理原因。随着用于测量和量化适应性因素的新工具（如应对量表和近期经历量表）的出现，激活的大幅波动能够更容易地得到稳定。
