Lebeda M, Prikrylová J, Bus A
Vet Med (Praha). 1982 Sep;27(9):513-23.
In 3337 dairy cows, urine was examined for ketone bodies by help of Bililabstix during the first and second phase of lactation and in the eighth to the ninth and a half month of pregnancy; at the same time needed supply of energetic nutrients in 175 summer and 308 winter feed rations was calculated. Intensity and frequency of ketonuria in lactating cows fed winter rations is significantly higher than in those fed green feeds; it decreases significantly with a phase of lactation and with milk production. On the contrary, cows in late pregnancy have higher intensity and frequency of ketonuria (32.9%) when fed green feeds than when fed winter rations (30.7%). In winter feed rations energy input was significantly lower, percentage of deficient feed rations at a relatively broader caloric-protein ratio was higher than in summer season. The highest deficits of energy and digestible nitrogen compounds were observed in cows in the first phase of lactation. Discussion concerns the causes and mechanisms of different ketonuria in groups of dairy cows in relation to deficit of energetic nutrients, caloric-protein ratio, to the level of glycaemia, non-esterified fatty acids in plasma, triglycerides of plasma and to the state of liver function.
对3337头奶牛在泌乳的第一和第二阶段以及怀孕的第八至九个半月期间，借助尿酮试纸对尿液中的酮体进行检测；同时计算了175份夏季和308份冬季日粮中所需的能量营养素供应量。饲喂冬季日粮的泌乳奶牛酮尿症的强度和频率显著高于饲喂青饲料的奶牛；随着泌乳阶段和产奶量的增加，酮尿症显著减少。相反，怀孕后期的奶牛饲喂青饲料时酮尿症的强度和频率（32.9%）高于饲喂冬季日粮时（30.7%）。冬季日粮中的能量输入显著较低，在相对较宽的热量 - 蛋白质比下，不足日粮的百分比高于夏季。在泌乳第一阶段的奶牛中观察到能量和可消化氮化合物的最高不足。讨论了奶牛群体中不同酮尿症与能量营养素缺乏、热量 - 蛋白质比、血糖水平、血浆中非酯化脂肪酸、血浆甘油三酯以及肝功能状态相关的原因和机制。
