Longobardo G S, Gothe B, Goldman M D, Cherniack N S
Respir Physiol. 1982 Dec;50(3):311-33. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(82)90026-3.
In the present study a mathematical model of the chemical control of respiration is described which attempts to simulate periodic breathing during sleep. The model is an extension of an earlier model which has been shown to successfully reproduce the transient effects of CO2 inhalation on breathing, controlled changes in ventilation on arterial gas tension, and Cheyne-Stokes breathing. Included in the extended model are the effects of chemical stimuli during sleep on both chest wall and upper airway muscle activity. Data is presented indicating that simulations from the model reproduce reasonably well the essential features of the results obtained in eight subjects with periodic respiration during sleep when breathing room air, O2, or low concentrations of CO2. Simulations from the model and the experimental data suggest that periodic breathing during sleep results from unstable operation in the respiratory control system analogous to that seen during instabilities in physical control systems. The model indicates that obstructive as well as central apneas can be produced by control system instability. Furthermore, central apneas increase the likelihood of obstructive apneas while obstructive apneas tend to aggravate the control instability. The model results predict that the characteristics of the periodic breathing seen during sleep, such as apnea length, will depend on circulation time and the sensitivity of both upper airway and chest wall muscles to hypercapnia and hypoxia.
在本研究中，描述了一种呼吸化学控制的数学模型，该模型试图模拟睡眠期间的周期性呼吸。该模型是早期模型的扩展，早期模型已被证明能够成功再现吸入二氧化碳对呼吸的瞬态影响、通气对动脉血气张力的控制性变化以及潮式呼吸。扩展模型中包括睡眠期间化学刺激对胸壁和上气道肌肉活动的影响。所呈现的数据表明，该模型的模拟结果相当好地再现了八名睡眠期间呼吸空气、氧气或低浓度二氧化碳时出现周期性呼吸的受试者所获得结果的基本特征。该模型的模拟结果和实验数据表明，睡眠期间的周期性呼吸是由呼吸控制系统中的不稳定运行导致的，类似于物理控制系统中的不稳定情况。该模型表明，控制系统的不稳定可导致阻塞性和中枢性呼吸暂停。此外，中枢性呼吸暂停会增加阻塞性呼吸暂停的可能性，而阻塞性呼吸暂停往往会加剧控制的不稳定性。模型结果预测，睡眠期间出现的周期性呼吸特征，如呼吸暂停时长，将取决于循环时间以及上气道和胸壁肌肉对高碳酸血症和低氧血症的敏感性。
