Hart G
Rev Infect Dis. 1980 Sep-Oct;2(5):701-12. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.5.701.
Gonorrhea and syphilis serve as models for the definition of criteria for the evaluation of screening programs for detection of disease. Mass screening and selective screening are distinguished from individual screening (case finding). Important characteristics of screening tests are sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, precision, accuracy, and acceptability. Program evaluation includes process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Major criteria to consider in the evaluation of mass screening programs are prevalence and incidence of disease, predictive value of tests used, yield, available screening tests, acceptance, follow-up services, costs and benefits, and control over the spread of infection. All forms of screening programs should be evaluated by available methods so that they will operate with maximal efficiency and so that nonproductive programs can be discarded.
淋病和梅毒可作为确定疾病检测筛查项目评估标准的范例。群体筛查和选择性筛查有别于个体筛查（病例发现）。筛查试验的重要特征包括敏感性、特异性、效率、精密度、准确性和可接受性。项目评估包括过程评估和结果评估。评估群体筛查项目时要考虑的主要标准包括疾病的患病率和发病率、所用检测的预测价值、检出率、可用的筛查试验、可接受性、后续服务、成本和效益以及对感染传播的控制。所有形式的筛查项目都应采用可用方法进行评估，以便它们能以最高效率运作，并摒弃无成效的项目。
