Thacker S B, Choi K, Brachman P S
JAMA. 1983 Mar 4;249(9):1181-5.
Surveillance is the collection, collation, and analysis of data and the dissemination to those who need to know so that an action can result. This article describes the clinician's critical role in disease reporting and outlines the benefits of surveillance to clinical practice. Four commonly used systems of disease surveillance are notifiable disease reporting, laboratory-based surveillance, hospital-based surveillance, and population-based surveillance. We analyze the relative strengths and limitations of each of these systems and present current efforts to evaluate and improve surveillance activities.
监测是对数据的收集、整理和分析，并将其分发给需要了解的人员，以便能够采取行动。本文描述了临床医生在疾病报告中的关键作用，并概述了监测对临床实践的益处。四种常用的疾病监测系统为法定报告疾病、基于实验室的监测、基于医院的监测和基于人群的监测。我们分析了每种系统的相对优势和局限性，并介绍了目前评估和改进监测活动的工作。
