Porter D K, Van Every M J, Anthracite R F, Mack J W
Arch Intern Med. 1983 Feb;143(2):287-90.
Massive hemoptysis occurs in 5% to 7% of patients with cystic fibrosis. Approximately 11% of these patients will die within 48 hours of manifestation because of uncontrolled hemoptysis and asphyxiation. If conservative medical treatment fails to control hemoptysis, fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy is the least risky and most accurate method of localizing the source of hemoptysis. Acute control of hemoptysis can be obtained in up to 100% of patients with endobronchial Fogarty balloon tamponade and in up to 88% of patients with bronchial artery embolization. Emergency thoracotomy can be performed if the above fail, but only in patients with mild cystic fibrosis and adequate pulmonary reserve.
5%至7%的囊性纤维化患者会发生大咯血。这些患者中约11%会在症状出现后的48小时内死于咯血失控和窒息。如果保守药物治疗无法控制咯血，纤维支气管镜或硬质支气管镜检查是定位咯血来源风险最低且最准确的方法。高达100%的患者可通过支气管内Fogarty球囊填塞实现咯血的急性控制，高达88%的患者可通过支气管动脉栓塞实现。如果上述方法均失败，可进行急诊开胸手术，但仅适用于轻度囊性纤维化且肺储备充足的患者。
