Landrigan P J
Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Feb;48:93-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.834893.
Evaluation of disease in populations exposed to hazardous waste dumps requires: documentation of the chemicals in a dump; assessment of the materials released from the dump into environmental media; tracing of the probable routes of human exposure (groundwater, air, direct contact, or occupational); development, when possible, of individual exposure estimates and/or direct biological assessment of absorption; precise definition of the subpopulations at highest risk of exposure; and the employment of specific and sensitive health outcome indicators. Demonstration of dose-response relationships between chemical exposure and disease provides the most compelling evidence for a chemical etiology of illness in exposed populations. Interpretation of apparently negative data must be cautious, given the small size of most high-risk populations and the usual brevity of exposures.
记录倾倒场中的化学物质；评估从倾倒场释放到环境介质中的物质；追踪人类可能的接触途径（地下水、空气、直接接触或职业接触）；尽可能制定个体接触估计值和/或对吸收情况进行直接生物学评估；精确界定接触风险最高的亚人群；以及使用特定且敏感的健康结果指标。化学物质接触与疾病之间剂量反应关系的证明为接触人群中疾病的化学病因提供了最有说服力的证据。鉴于大多数高风险人群规模较小且接触时间通常较短，对明显为阴性的数据进行解释时必须谨慎。
