Hogg J
Br J Clin Psychol. 1983 Feb;22 Pt 1:33-40. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00576.x.
Head-turning by a nine-year-old multiply handicapped profoundly retarded child (highest item passed on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Infant development test: 2.6 months; highest item passed on Motor Scale of Infant development test: 0.1 month) was reinforced by a variety of potential reinforcers: auditory; vibratory; social; visual. In addition various elicitation and shaping procedures were employed. Relative to base-line performance only visual reinforcement produced a substantial increase in head-turning. This finding is discussed in terms of the compatibility of operant and reinforcer and is related to the recent literature on constraints and predispositions in learning. The extent to which visual reinforcement also had eliciting effects is considered and further experimental controls and operations described.
一名9岁的多重残障重度智力迟钝儿童（贝利婴儿发育量表心理量表上通过的最高项目：2.6个月；婴儿发育量表运动量表上通过的最高项目：0.1个月）的转头行为通过多种潜在强化物得到强化：听觉的、振动的、社交的、视觉的。此外，还采用了各种引发和塑造程序。相对于基线表现，只有视觉强化使转头行为大幅增加。这一发现从操作性条件反射与强化物的相容性角度进行了讨论，并与近期关于学习中的限制和倾向的文献相关。研究了视觉强化在多大程度上也有引发作用，并描述了进一步的实验控制和操作。
