Ishizaka S, Sugawara I, Hasuma T, Morisawa S, Möller G
Eur J Immunol. 1983 Mar;13(3):225-31. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830130309.
Xanthan gum (XG), a microbial polysaccharide produced extracellularly by fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris, has unique physical properties. We studied the effects of XG on murine lymphocytes in vitro and found that XG induced both a significant increase of DNA synthesis in mouse splenic B cells and thymocytes as well as polyclonal IgM and IgG antibody responses in B cells. XG-activated thymocytes, however, did not display helper or suppressor functions. XG was almost as effective in inducing polyclonal antibody responses as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine systems. Hamster spleen cells, however, were weakly triggered to nonspecific antibody production by XG but they were not triggered at all by LPS. Spleen cells from normal neonatal mice and from adult CBA/N mice, a strain which possesses an X-linked defect affecting B cell differentiation, responded relatively well to XG and LPS, suggesting that XG can stimulate immature B cells as well as LPS does. It was found that XG activated B cells in the relative absence of T cells and macrophages. Spleen cells from LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ mice and seven other mouse strains were stimulated to polyclonal antibody production by XG. In contrast, spleen cells from C57BL/10 mice were unresponsive or only slightly responsive to XG, but fully responsive to LPS.
黄原胶（XG）是一种由野油菜黄单胞菌发酵胞外产生的微生物多糖，具有独特的物理性质。我们在体外研究了XG对小鼠淋巴细胞的影响，发现XG既能显著增加小鼠脾脏B细胞和胸腺细胞中的DNA合成，又能诱导B细胞产生多克隆IgM和IgG抗体反应。然而，XG激活的胸腺细胞并未表现出辅助或抑制功能。在小鼠系统中，XG诱导多克隆抗体反应的效果几乎与脂多糖（LPS）一样。然而，仓鼠脾细胞被XG微弱地触发产生非特异性抗体，但它们完全不会被LPS触发。来自正常新生小鼠和成年CBA/N小鼠（一种具有影响B细胞分化的X连锁缺陷的品系）的脾细胞对XG和LPS反应相对良好，这表明XG能像LPS一样刺激未成熟B细胞。研究发现，XG在相对缺乏T细胞和巨噬细胞的情况下激活B细胞。来自LPS无反应性C3H/HeJ小鼠和其他七个小鼠品系的脾细胞被XG刺激产生多克隆抗体。相比之下，来自C57BL/10小鼠的脾细胞对XG无反应或仅有轻微反应，但对LPS完全有反应。
