Appetitive instrumental training in preweanling rats: I. Motivational determinants.

Two experiments tested learning and retention of preweanling rats (10, 15, and 23 days of age) with an appetitive T-maze spatial discrimination task, using 3 different reinforcers for training (Mother Alone, Mother + Milk, and Milk Alone). The hypothesis was that immature rats are prepared to select and generate effective hypotheses for learning in an environment bearing some similarity to the home nest prior to their exhibiting similar capacities in other contexts. In Experiment I, we found support for this hypothesis in that 10- and 15-day-old rats were able to acquire the maze task when reinforced with Mother Alone or Mother + Milk, but not when reinforced with Milk Alone. In Experiment II, we report that 23-day-old rats weaned at 19 days postpartum were better at learning the maze task with milk as the reinforcer than littermates raised until training with the dam. We hypothesize that the development of foraging strategies might be necessary for the expression of maze behaviors reinforced with milk alone.