Colwill R M, Rescorla R A
University of Pennsylvania.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1990 Jan;16(1):40-7.
Two experiments examined the effect of reinforcer devaluation on the ability of a discriminative stimulus (Sd) to control instrumental behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats. In Experiment 1 reinforcer devaluation reduced, but did not eliminate, the ability of the Sd to control performance of the original response and to transfer its control to a new response trained with the same reinforcer. The effect of devaluation was more complete in Experiment 2, in which the reinforcer was delivered directly into the oral cavity. However, retraining the response with a different reinforcer partially restored the ability of the Sd to control performance of that response. These results suggest that an Sd may not augment its trained responses when the reinforcer has been completely devalued but may promote responses with which it shares a reinforcer, as long as those responses are associated with some reinforcer that retains its value. The implications of these results for the way that discriminative stimuli control instrumental behavior are discussed.
两项实验研究了强化物贬值对斯普拉格-道利大鼠中辨别性刺激（Sd）控制工具性行为能力的影响。在实验1中，强化物贬值降低了但并未消除Sd控制原反应表现以及将其控制转移至用相同强化物训练的新反应的能力。在实验2中，强化物直接注入口腔，贬值的影响更彻底。然而，用不同强化物对反应进行再训练可部分恢复Sd控制该反应表现的能力。这些结果表明，当强化物完全贬值时，Sd可能不会增强其已训练的反应，但只要这些反应与保留其价值的某种强化物相关联，Sd可能会促进与之共享强化物的反应。讨论了这些结果对辨别性刺激控制工具性行为方式的意义。
