Sigurdsson G H, Carlsson C, Lindahl S, Werner O
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1983 Feb;27(1):75-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1983.tb01909.x.
The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate, blood pressure, capillary perfusion and end-tidal CO2 tension were studied in 167 healthy children 1-12 years of age undergoing adenoidectomy (n = 82) and myringotomy (n = 85) during enflurane and halothane anaesthesia. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was significantly lower during myringotomy than during adenoidectomy. In children undergoing adenoidectomy the incidence of arrhythmias was 38.9% during enflurane anaesthesia and 86.6% during halothane anaesthesia (P less than 0.001). In the halothane group ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 19 patients (41.3%) but only in one child (2.8%) in the enflurane group. The ventricular arrhythmias seen during halothane anaesthesia were unifocal in six patients and multifocal in five and classified as ventricular tachycardia in eight children. Heart rate was increased by about 40% at the onset of ventricular arrhythmias. The heart rate remained unchanged with enflurane anaesthesia during surgery, which may reflect a decreased sympathomimetic activity. It is suggested that the low incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during enflurane anaesthesia may be explained by the combination of a reduced sympathomimetic activity and a lowered susceptibility of the myocardium to the actions of endogenous catecholamines.
对167名1至12岁健康儿童进行了研究，这些儿童在恩氟烷和氟烷麻醉下接受腺样体切除术（n = 82）和鼓膜切开术（n = 85）。研究了心律失常的发生率、心率、血压、毛细血管灌注和呼气末二氧化碳分压。鼓膜切开术期间心律失常的发生率明显低于腺样体切除术期间。在接受腺样体切除术的儿童中，恩氟烷麻醉期间心律失常的发生率为38.9%，氟烷麻醉期间为86.6%（P < 0.001）。在氟烷组中，19例患者（41.3%）观察到室性心律失常，但恩氟烷组中只有1名儿童（2.8%）出现室性心律失常。氟烷麻醉期间出现的室性心律失常，6例为单灶性，5例为多灶性，8名儿童被归类为室性心动过速。室性心律失常发作时心率增加约40%。手术期间恩氟烷麻醉时心率保持不变，这可能反映了交感神经活性降低。有人认为，恩氟烷麻醉期间室性心律失常发生率低可能是由于交感神经活性降低和心肌对内源性儿茶酚胺作用的敏感性降低共同作用的结果。
