Shumakov V I, Griaznov G M, Zhemchuzhnikov G N, Kiselev I M, Osipov A P
Artif Organs. 1983 Feb;7(1):101-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1983.tb04164.x.
An atomic artificial heart for orthotopic implantation was developed with the following characteristics: volume, 1.2 L; weight, 1.5 kg; radioisotope power, 45 W; operating life, up to 5 years; hemodynamics, similar to natural hemodynamics. The artificial heart includes a thermal drive with systems for regulating power, feeding steam into the cylinders, return of the condensate to the steam generator, and delivery of power to the ventricles and heat container. The artificial heart is placed in an artificial pericardium partially filled with physiologic solution. It uses a steam engine with two operating cylinders that separately drive the left and right ventricles. There is no electronic control system in the proposed design. The operation of the heat engine is controlled, with preservation of autoregulation by the vascular system of the body. The separate drives for the ventricles is of primary importance as it provides for operation of the artificial heart through control of cardiac activity by venous return. Experimental testing on a hydromechanical bench demonstrated effective autoregulation.
研制出一种用于原位植入的原子人工心脏，其具有以下特性：体积1.2升；重量1.5千克；放射性同位素功率45瓦；使用寿命长达5年；血流动力学与自然血流动力学相似。该人工心脏包括一个热力驱动装置，带有用于调节功率、将蒸汽输送到气缸、将冷凝水返回蒸汽发生器以及向心室和热容器输送动力的系统。人工心脏置于部分填充生理溶液的人工心包内。它采用带有两个工作气缸的蒸汽机，分别驱动左心室和右心室。所提出的设计中没有电子控制系统。热机的运行由身体的血管系统进行控制并保持自动调节。心室的独立驱动至关重要，因为它通过静脉回流控制心脏活动来实现人工心脏的运行。在水力机械试验台上进行的实验测试证明了有效的自动调节。
