Manstead A S, Proffitt C, Smart J L
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983 Apr;44(4):657-71. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.44.4.657.
The present study examines the applicability of Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action to the prediction and understanding of how primiparous and multiparous mothers intended to feed their infants and how they actually fed these infants during the 6 weeks following delivery. Measures of attitudes to behavior, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions were taken during the last trimester of pregnancy. Behavior was assessed by self-report 6 weeks postpartum. In most respects the findings supported the theory of reasoned action. However, attitudes to behavior were found to make an independent and significant contribution to the prediction of infant-feeding behavior, and the previous behavior of multiparous mothers explained an independent and significant proportion of variation in their behavioral intentions. The relative importance of the attitudinal and normative components of the theoretical model tended to vary according to whether the mothers had direct experience of the criterion behavior. Further analysis revealed that mothers who breast-fed during the 6-week postpartum period differed from those who bottle-fed exclusively during this period on a number of behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations, and normative beliefs, and on one measure of motivation to comply. The implications of these findings for the theory of reasoned action are discussed.
本研究考察了菲什拜因和阿杰恩的理性行动理论在预测和理解初产妇和经产妇如何打算喂养其婴儿以及她们在分娩后的6周内实际如何喂养这些婴儿方面的适用性。在怀孕晚期测量了对行为的态度、主观规范和行为意图。产后6周通过自我报告评估行为。在大多数方面，研究结果支持理性行动理论。然而，发现对行为的态度对婴儿喂养行为的预测有独立且显著的贡献，经产妇的既往行为解释了其行为意图中独立且显著比例的变异。理论模型中态度和规范成分的相对重要性往往因母亲是否有标准行为的直接经验而有所不同。进一步分析表明，在产后6周进行母乳喂养的母亲与在此期间只进行奶瓶喂养的母亲在一些行为信念、结果评价、规范信念以及一种遵守动机的测量方面存在差异。讨论了这些发现对理性行动理论的意义。
