Smith T W, Snyder C R, Perkins S C
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983 Apr;44(4):787-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.44.4.787.
The present experiment tested the hypothesis that hypochondriacal individuals commonly use reports of physical illness and symptoms as a strategy to control attributions made about their performances in evaluative settings (i.e., self-handicapping strategies). Specifically, it was predicted that hypochondriacal individuals would report more recent physical illness and complaints and more current physical symptoms in an evaluative setting in which poor health could serve as an alternative explanation for poor performance than would either individuals in an evaluative setting in which poor health was precluded as an excuse or individuals in a nonevaluative setting. As predicted, results supported this self-protective pattern of complaints in a hypochondriacal sample but not in a nonhypochondriacal group. The self-protective role of hypochondriacal behavior is discussed in relation to other theory and research on the nature and treatment of hypochondriasis.
疑病症患者通常会将身体疾病和症状的报告作为一种策略，来控制在评估情境中他人对其表现所做的归因（即自我妨碍策略）。具体而言，研究预测，与健康不佳无法作为表现不佳借口的评估情境中的个体或非评估情境中的个体相比，疑病症患者在健康不佳可作为表现不佳替代解释的评估情境中，会报告更多近期的身体疾病和不适以及更多当前的身体症状。正如预测的那样，结果在疑病症样本中支持了这种抱怨的自我保护模式，但在非疑病症组中却没有。本文结合关于疑病症本质和治疗的其他理论及研究，讨论了疑病症行为的自我保护作用。
