Snyder C R, Smith T W, Augelli R W, Ingram R E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Apr;48(4):970-80. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.4.970.
We tested the hypothesis that socially anxious or shy individuals use their anxiety symptoms as a strategy to control attributions made about their performances in social-evaluative settings (i.e., self-handicapping strategies). Specifically, we predicted that trait-socially anxious or shy persons would report more symptoms of social anxiety in an evaluative setting in which anxiety or shyness could serve as an excuse for poor performance than would individuals in (a) an evaluative setting in which shyness was precluded as an excuse or (b) a nonevaluative setting. Furthermore, we predicted that this self-protective pattern of symptom reporting would not occur for individuals who were not trait-socially anxious because these persons would not commonly use such symptoms as a self-handicapping strategy. Results supported these predictions for male subjects, but not for female subjects. Sex differences in the strategic use of shyness are discussed in relation to other research on sex differences in the etiology and correlates of social anxiety.
社交焦虑或害羞的个体将他们的焦虑症状作为一种策略，以控制在社会评价情境中对其表现所做的归因（即自我妨碍策略）。具体而言，我们预测，特质性社交焦虑或害羞的人在一个评价情境中会报告更多社交焦虑症状，在该情境中，焦虑或害羞可作为表现不佳的借口，这比（a）一个排除害羞作为借口的评价情境或（b）一个非评价情境中的个体报告的症状更多。此外，我们预测，对于非特质性社交焦虑的个体不会出现这种自我保护的症状报告模式，因为这些人通常不会将此类症状用作自我妨碍策略。结果支持了对男性受试者的这些预测，但对女性受试者则不然。结合其他关于社交焦虑病因和相关因素中性别差异的研究，讨论了害羞策略性使用中的性别差异。
