Anversa P, Levicky V, Beghi C, McDonald S L, Kikkawa Y
Circ Res. 1983 Jan;52(1):57-64. doi: 10.1161/01.res.52.1.57.
In our morphometric study of the effects of exercise on the heart, male Wistar-Kyoto rats at 5 weeks of age were subjected daily to a moderate treadmill running program that lasted for 7 weeks. The heart responded to physical conditioning by different magnitudes of tissue growth of the right (22%) and left (7%) ventricular myocardium, the latter change not statistically significant. The increase in right ventricular volume was associated with a 25% enlargement of ventricular area, a 26% average lengthening of the myocytes, and no change in sarcomere length and in ventricular midwall thickness. Exercise produced significant alterations in the quantitative parameters of the microvasculature of the right ventricle, but no appreciable changes in the left ventricle. Right ventricular hypertrophy was characterized by an absolute 44% growth of the endothelial luminal surface brought about through a 16% increase in capillary numerical density, and a 41% augmentation of the total length of the capillary network. Maximum diffusion distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes decreased 10% as a result of capillary proliferation and the lack of lateral expansion of myocyte cross-sectional area. Evaluation of the subcellular constituents of myocytes showed no change in the mitochondria:myofibrils volume ratio, indicating a growth of these components proportional to each other and to the growth of the myocyte population as a whole. It was concluded that, as a result of running exercise, right ventricular growth is analogous to eccentric hypertrophy in which the structural adaptations of the capillary bed can be expected to improve the diffusion and transport of oxygen within the tissue.
在我们关于运动对心脏影响的形态测量学研究中，5周龄的雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠每天进行持续7周的适度跑步机跑步计划。心脏对身体锻炼的反应是右心室心肌（22%）和左心室心肌（7%）出现不同程度的组织生长，后者的变化无统计学意义。右心室容积增加与心室面积增大25%、心肌细胞平均长度延长26%相关，肌节长度和心室中壁厚度无变化。运动使右心室微血管的定量参数发生显著改变，但左心室无明显变化。右心室肥大的特征是内皮管腔表面绝对增长44%，这是由于毛细血管数量密度增加16%以及毛细血管网络总长度增加41%所致。由于毛细血管增生以及心肌细胞横截面积缺乏横向扩展，从毛细血管壁到心肌细胞线粒体的最大扩散距离减少了10%。对心肌细胞亚细胞成分的评估显示线粒体与肌原纤维的体积比无变化，表明这些成分的生长与整个心肌细胞群体的生长成比例。研究得出结论，跑步运动导致右心室生长类似于离心性肥大，其中毛细血管床的结构适应性有望改善组织内氧气的扩散和运输。
