Hingson R W, Scotch N, Mangione T, Meyers A, Glantz L, Heeren T, Lin N, Mucatel M, Pierce G
Am J Public Health. 1983 Feb;73(2):163-70. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.2.163.
On April 16, 1979, Massachusetts raised its legal drinking age from 18 to 20 years. Massachusetts was compared with New York State, exclusive of New York City and Nassau County. New York State retained an 18-year-old drinking age. Random telephone surveys with approximately 1,000 16-19 year olds in each state were undertaken prior to the law's enactment and twice at yearly intervals after the law to assess the law's impact on teenage drinking, driving after drinking, and non-fatal accident involvement. Fatal crash data reported to the US Department of Transportation by each state from April 16, 1976-April 15, 1981 were also analyzed. After the law, although the modes of procuring alcohol changed. No significant changes were observed in Massachusetts relative to New York in the proportion of surveyed teenagers who reported that they drank or in the volume of their consumption. The proportion of teenagers who drove after drinking heavily (six or more drinks at one time) did not decline in Massachusetts relative to New York. However, the frequency that teenagers reported driving after any drinking declined significantly in Massachusetts. Frequency of teenage driving after marijuana use and non-fatal teenage accidents declined at comparable rates in both states. The numbers of teenage nighttime single vehicle fatal accidents declined more in Massachusetts than New York, in the 18-19 year age group. Overall fatal accident trends among 16-19 year olds in the two states were similar.
1979年4月16日，马萨诸塞州将法定饮酒年龄从18岁提高到20岁。将马萨诸塞州与纽约州（不包括纽约市和拿骚县）进行了比较。纽约州保留了18岁的饮酒年龄。在该法律颁布之前，对每个州约1000名16 - 19岁的青少年进行了随机电话调查，并在法律颁布后每年进行两次调查，以评估该法律对青少年饮酒、酒后驾车和非致命事故参与情况的影响。还分析了每个州在1976年4月16日至1981年4月15日期间向美国运输部报告的致命车祸数据。法律实施后，尽管获取酒精的方式发生了变化。在报告饮酒的被调查青少年比例或饮酒量方面，马萨诸塞州相对于纽约州没有观察到显著变化。与纽约州相比，马萨诸塞州大量饮酒（一次饮用六杯或更多）后驾车的青少年比例没有下降。然而，马萨诸塞州报告任何饮酒后驾车的青少年频率显著下降。两个州在使用大麻后青少年驾车频率和非致命青少年事故频率以相当的速度下降。在18 - 19岁年龄组中，马萨诸塞州青少年夜间单车致命事故的数量下降幅度比纽约州更大。两个州16 - 19岁青少年的总体致命事故趋势相似。
