Gediman H K
Int J Psychoanal. 1983;64 Pt 1:59-70.
This paper considers the problem of annihilation anxiety as a 'test case' to question some polarization tendencies in psychoanalysis. One such polarization, deficit versus conflict, encourages either-or diagnoses, such as narcissistic or neurotic. An alternative scheme is proposed here, a continuum on which most cases are 'mixed' rather than 'pure', and where annihilation concerns along the range are reviewed and documented. The non-specific dread of the strength of the instincts reactivates what Kohut has called early traumatic failures in maternal empathy. Conversely, current failures in empathy may produce great intensities of signal anxiety, anticipating the helplessness of the original traumatic state. These accruals may be experienced in terms of self annihilation. It is here proposed that the term annihilation anxiety be used to refer to a variety of phenomena, including susceptibility to traumatic states, and intensities of anxiety which may always be further elaborated with conscious or unconscious mental content. Once that anxiety, whatever its origin, oedipal or pre-oedipal, is capable of psychic representation, it may become a component of intrapsychic conflict.
本文将毁灭焦虑问题视为一个“测试案例”，以质疑精神分析中的一些两极分化倾向。其中一种两极分化，即匮乏与冲突，助长了非此即彼的诊断方式，比如自恋型或神经症型。本文提出了另一种模式，即一个连续体，在这个连续体上，大多数案例是“混合的”而非“纯粹的”，并且对该范围内的毁灭相关问题进行了审视和记录。对本能力量的非特异性恐惧重新激活了科胡特所称的母亲共情方面的早期创伤性失败。相反，当前共情的失败可能会产生强烈的信号焦虑，预见到原始创伤状态下的无助。这些积累可能会以自我毁灭的形式被体验到。本文提出，“毁灭焦虑”一词可用于指代多种现象，包括对创伤状态的易感性，以及可能总是会用有意识或无意识心理内容进一步阐述的焦虑强度。一旦那种焦虑，无论其起源是俄狄浦斯期还是前俄狄浦斯期，能够进行心理表征，它就可能成为心理冲突的一个组成部分。
