Elton R F
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983 Apr;8(4):513-9. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70057-5.
The complications of cutaneous cryosurgery may be divided into technical problems, those involving patient selection, reactions of the immediate and acute type, short-term reactions, and long-term complications. Technical problems involve primarily the delivery system and temperature monitoring. Proper patient selection is essential for avoiding complications. Reactions to cryotherapy vary widely from those which may be considered normal to hemorrhage, severe systemic reactions in cold-sensitive individuals, full-thickness skin necrosis, syncope, and sudden death. Short-term complications include hemorrhage, infection, and granuloma pyogenicum. Long-term reactions include pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, nerve damage, pigmentary problems, tissue defects, delayed healing, scar formation, and the recurrence of benign and malignant lesions.
皮肤冷冻手术的并发症可分为技术问题、与患者选择有关的问题、即刻和急性反应、短期反应以及长期并发症。技术问题主要涉及治疗设备和温度监测。正确选择患者对于避免并发症至关重要。冷冻治疗的反应差异很大，从可能被视为正常的反应到出血、对冷敏感个体的严重全身反应、全层皮肤坏死、晕厥和猝死。短期并发症包括出血、感染和脓性肉芽肿。长期反应包括假上皮瘤样增生、神经损伤、色素沉着问题、组织缺损、愈合延迟、瘢痕形成以及良性和恶性病变的复发。
