Boake C, Salmon P G, Carbone G
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1983 Mar;11(1):77-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00912179.
It has been suggested that torque, the tendency to draw circles in the clockwise direction, is related to left-handedness and is a marker for psychopathology. Results of recent studies conflict with this hypothesis but are weakened by imprecise definition and unreliable assessment of torque. Measures of torque, lateral preference, and cognitive ability were administered to 181 children in kindergarten and first grade. As reported previously, rate of torque decreased with age and was greater among males. Children with complete clockwise or counter-clockwise circling at both assessments differed in pattern but not in overall level of cognitive ability. No differences were found in strength, direction, or concordance of hand and foot preference. Results of this and other studies are seen as inconsistent with proposals that torque is symptomatic of psychopathology.
有人提出，扭矩，即顺时针画圈的倾向，与左利手有关，是精神病理学的一个标志。近期研究结果与这一假设相矛盾，但因扭矩定义不精确和评估不可靠而受到削弱。对181名幼儿园和一年级儿童进行了扭矩、侧向偏好和认知能力测试。如先前报道，扭矩发生率随年龄增长而降低，男性中更高。在两次评估中完全顺时针或逆时针画圈的儿童在模式上有差异，但在认知能力总体水平上没有差异。在手和脚的偏好强度、方向或一致性方面未发现差异。这项研究和其他研究的结果被认为与扭矩是精神病理学症状的观点不一致。
