Endsley R C
J Genet Psychol. 1983 Mar;142(1st Half):97-105. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1983.10533500.
Thirty-six preschool children were invited to look at a set of stimulus materials. One-third of the children were presented with three-dimensional materials that they were free to touch, one third with three-dimensional materials that they could not touch, and one-third with life-size photographs of the objects. Results revealed that the children in each group asked a similar number of questions to identify the names of the objects. However, children who could touch the objects asked the most "transformational" questions (e.g., questions involving broader speculations about the object's origin, function, and relation to other objects in the environment), while those who could not touch the objects asked the next most and those shown photos of the objects asked the least.
三十六名学龄前儿童被邀请观看一组刺激材料。三分之一的儿童被展示三维材料,他们可以自由触摸;三分之一的儿童被展示三维材料,但不能触摸;三分之一的儿童被展示实物大小的物体照片。结果显示,每组儿童为确定物体名称而提出的问题数量相似。然而,能够触摸物体的儿童提出的“转换性”问题最多(例如,涉及对物体起源、功能以及与环境中其他物体关系的更广泛推测的问题),而不能触摸物体的儿童提出的此类问题次之,观看物体照片的儿童提出的此类问题最少。