Kostandov E A
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1983 Mar-Apr;33(2):230-40.
A number of experiments shows that the character of human cortical response to a conditioned stimulus is to a considerable degree determined by properties and significance of the second stimulus in the combined pair. In a combination of two stimuli differently expressed depression of cortical response to the first stimulus takes place. If the "reinforcing" stimulus is emotionally significant and is recognized then the changes of evoked cortical activity in response to conditioned stimulus are complex and of different signs; they result from simultaneous action on cortical structures of both inhibitory and activating "nonspecific" influences. In this case the facilitation of the cortical response is revealed by comparison with the tests of indifferent stimulus before pairing or with tests where association between two indifferent stimuli is formed. A considerable increase of evoked response after elimination of the "reinforcing" emotional stimulus testifies that this facilitation is merely relative, and along with activating influence via feedback has an inhibitory action on cortical structures which perceive the conditioned stimulus.
大量实验表明，人类皮层对条件刺激的反应特性在很大程度上取决于配对中第二个刺激的特性和意义。在两种刺激的组合中，对第一个刺激的皮层反应会出现不同程度的抑制。如果“强化”刺激具有情感意义且能被识别，那么对条件刺激的诱发皮层活动变化是复杂的且具有不同的特征；它们是由抑制性和激活“非特异性”影响同时作用于皮层结构所导致的。在这种情况下，通过与配对前的中性刺激测试或形成两个中性刺激之间关联的测试进行比较，可以发现皮层反应的易化现象。消除“强化”情感刺激后诱发反应的显著增加证明，这种易化仅仅是相对的，并且除了通过反馈的激活作用外，对感知条件刺激的皮层结构还有抑制作用。
