Subramanyam B R, Balthazar E J, Raghavendra B N, Lefleur R S
Am J Gastroenterol. 1983 Jun;78(6):369-73.
The availability of real-time sonography has facilitated its use in the assessment of patients suspected of portal hypertension. Dilatation of the portal venous system may occur in portal hypertension, and a portal vein diameter greater than 13 mm is indicative of portal hypertension with a sensitivity of about 50%. Sonographic demonstration of lack of caliber variation of the portal system has a sensitivity of about 80%. The presence of venous collaterals can be demonstrated in about 90% of patients suitable for sonography. The coronary gastroesophageal varices can be seen in 90% when they are large sized, and in 65% when they are small sized. Other collaterals such as umbilical vein, duodenal varices, and gastrorenal and splenorenal varices can be detected. Sonography is a valuable screening procedure in the evaluation of portal hypertension and provides valuable information regarding the size and morphology of the liver and spleen, caliber and patency of the portal venous system, and the existence and location of the varices.
实时超声检查的普及促进了其在疑似门静脉高压患者评估中的应用。门静脉系统扩张可能发生在门静脉高压时，门静脉直径大于13mm提示门静脉高压，敏感性约为50%。超声显示门静脉系统管径无变化的敏感性约为80%。约90%适合超声检查的患者可显示静脉侧支循环。冠状胃食管静脉曲张大时90%可见，小时65%可见。还可检测到其他侧支循环，如脐静脉、十二指肠静脉曲张以及胃肾和脾肾静脉曲张。超声检查是评估门静脉高压的一项有价值的筛查方法，可提供有关肝脏和脾脏大小及形态、门静脉系统管径和通畅情况以及静脉曲张的存在和位置的有价值信息。
