Charney D S, Heninger G R, Redmond D E
Life Sci. 1983 Jul 4;33(1):19-29. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90707-5.
Yohimbine (30 mg) produced significant increases in subjective anxiety, autonomic symptoms, blood pressure, and plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in ten healthy subjects. The effects of pretreatment with diazepam (10 mg) or clonidine (5 micrograms/kg) on these yohimbine induced changes was examined. Both diazepam and clonidine significantly antagonized yohimbine-induced anxiety, but only clonidine significantly attenuated the yohimbine induced increases in plasma MHPG, blood pressure, and autonomic symptoms. When given alone, clonidine significantly decreased plasma MHPG and blood pressure, whereas diazepam did not. These findings indicate that: (1) noradrenergic hyperactivity may be a factor in the production of some anxiety states; (2) the anti-anxiety effects of clonidine appear to result from its actions on receptors which decrease noradrenergic activity; (3) diazepam reverses yohimbine-induced anxiety without effects on several physiological or biochemical indicators of noradrenergic activity in humans.
育亨宾（30毫克）可使10名健康受试者的主观焦虑、自主神经症状、血压及血浆3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇（MHPG）显著升高。研究了地西泮（10毫克）或可乐定（5微克/千克）预处理对这些育亨宾诱导变化的影响。地西泮和可乐定都能显著对抗育亨宾诱导的焦虑，但只有可乐定能显著减轻育亨宾诱导的血浆MHPG、血压及自主神经症状的升高。单独使用时，可乐定可显著降低血浆MHPG和血压，而地西泮则无此作用。这些发现表明：（1）去甲肾上腺素能亢进可能是某些焦虑状态产生的一个因素；（2）可乐定的抗焦虑作用似乎源于其对降低去甲肾上腺素能活性的受体的作用；（3）地西泮可逆转育亨宾诱导的焦虑，而对人类去甲肾上腺素能活性的几个生理或生化指标无影响。
