[Epidemic of Neisseria meningitidis cerebrospinal meningitis in the Ruhengeri health district (Rwanda)].

Rwanda is a central african country where mean altitude is high (1,800 m), dwelling scattered, and population density important (372/km2). In 1978, a CSM epidemic broke out and raged for 4 years. Death incidence was very noticeable: 223/100 000. Treatment by an unique doses of chloramphenicol proved to be effective. As a consequence of an experimental immunization campaign, limited to one township, local population immunity is still solid after three years.