Zeiner A R, Kegg P S, Blackburn M, Stratton R
Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1983 Mar-Apr;5(2):201-4.
Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethyl alcohol, is found in higher concentrations in alcoholics and heavy drinkers after alcohol ingestion than in social drinkers or abstainers. This experiment investigated gender differences related to acetaldehyde. Seventy-nine adult social drinkers (38 females and 41 males) were tested after an overnight fast and at least 4 hours food deprived with 0.52 g/kg ethanol in water (20% alcohol by volume). Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations from breath samples were determined every 5 minutes post-drink for 40 minutes with a gas chromatograph. The drink was consumed over a 5-minute period. Half of each group ran 30-140 miles per week. The other half were controls. A significant overall gender difference in peak acetaldehyde concentration was obtained (p less than 0.5), with males showing higher values than females. Among athletes, these gender differences were greater (p less than 0.002). Among controls the gender differences were in the same direction but they were not significant. Groups did not differ reliably on age (M = 32.88 years, F = 31.13 years), drinking history (M = 2.07, F = 1.92) or lean body mass (M = 43.1, F = 43.1). Groups did not differ on time to peak blood alcohol concentrations (M = 30.98 min, F = 31.58 min). The results have implications for gender differences in alcoholism and biological sensitivity to alcohol.
乙醛是乙醇的第一种代谢产物，酗酒者和大量饮酒者在摄入酒精后，其体内乙醛的浓度高于社交饮酒者或戒酒者。本实验研究了与乙醛相关的性别差异。79名成年社交饮酒者（38名女性和41名男性）在禁食过夜且至少4小时未进食后，饮用了含0.52克/千克乙醇的水溶液（体积分数为20%的酒精）。饮用后每隔5分钟采集一次呼气样本，用气相色谱仪测定40分钟内的血液酒精和乙醛浓度。饮料在5分钟内喝完。每组中有一半人每周跑步30 - 140英里。另一半为对照组。乙醛峰值浓度存在显著的总体性别差异（p小于0.5），男性的值高于女性。在运动员中，这种性别差异更大（p小于0.002）。在对照组中，性别差异方向相同，但不显著。两组在年龄（男性平均32.88岁，女性平均31.13岁）、饮酒史（男性平均2.07，女性平均1.92）或瘦体重（男性平均43.1，女性平均43.1）方面无可靠差异。两组达到血液酒精浓度峰值的时间也无差异（男性平均30.98分钟，女性平均31.58分钟）。这些结果对酒精中毒的性别差异以及对酒精的生物敏感性具有启示意义。
