Cameron R H, Kolesari G L, Kalbfleisch J H
Teratology. 1983 Apr;27(2):253-9. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420270213.
We have observed dextroamphetamine sulfate to cause cardiovascular malformations in the 4-day-old chick embryo. Essentially all malformations were of the heart and great vessels. About one-half of these were the abnormal persistence of the left fourth aortic arch. Ventricular septal defects comprised the vast majority of the other malformations. Since d-amphetamine has both a direct and, more importantly, an indirect mode of alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation, three drugs were used to try to inhibit malformation production: alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT), a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor; metoprolol, a beta 1 blocker; and phentolamine, an alpha blocker. When given with d-amphetamine, all three drugs significantly reduced the malformation rate resulting from d-amphetamine alone. We speculate that the embryonic chick is capable of responding to the alpha and/or beta properties of dextroamphetamine sulfate. These properties may be causally related to the malformations observed.
我们观察到硫酸右旋苯丙胺可导致4日龄鸡胚出现心血管畸形。基本上所有畸形都发生在心脏和大血管。其中约一半是左第四主动脉弓异常持续存在。室间隔缺损占其他畸形的绝大多数。由于右旋苯丙胺具有直接且更重要的是间接的α和β肾上腺素能刺激模式，因此使用了三种药物来尝试抑制畸形的产生：α-甲基对酪氨酸（AMT），一种儿茶酚胺合成抑制剂；美托洛尔，一种β1阻滞剂；以及酚妥拉明，一种α阻滞剂。当与右旋苯丙胺一起给药时，这三种药物均显著降低了单独使用右旋苯丙胺导致的畸形率。我们推测鸡胚能够对硫酸右旋苯丙胺的α和/或β特性做出反应。这些特性可能与所观察到的畸形存在因果关系。
