Liston S L, Gehrz R C, Siegel L G, Tilelli J
Am J Dis Child. 1983 Aug;137(8):764-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1983.02140340044012.
During a two-year period, 17 children were brought to the St Paul Children's Hospital with the clinical features of croup, unresponsive to conventional therapy; 12 of these were seen during a two-month outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 1 that occurred in the community. Bronchoscopy showed copious purulent tracheal secretions. Cultures of transbronchoscopic aspirates were positive for bacterial organisms, the most common being Staphylococcus aureus (six of 17) and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (seven of 17). Four of these children, all treated conservatively with observation and/or endotracheal intubation, suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest, and two of them died. In contrast, one of 13 children who underwent tracheostomy died. Bacterial tracheitis clinically resembles viral croup, but carries a significant morbidity and mortality. Bronchoscopy documenting the presence of copious endotracheal pus and prompt tracheostomy may reduce the complications of this disease.
在两年期间，17名患有哮吼临床特征且对传统治疗无反应的儿童被送往圣保罗儿童医院；其中12名儿童是在社区发生的为期两个月的1型副流感病毒暴发期间就诊的。支气管镜检查显示气管有大量脓性分泌物。经支气管镜吸出物培养出细菌，最常见的是金黄色葡萄球菌（17例中的6例）和甲型溶血性链球菌（17例中的7例）。这些儿童中有4名均接受了观察和/或气管插管的保守治疗，发生了心肺骤停，其中2名死亡。相比之下，13名接受气管切开术的儿童中有1名死亡。细菌性气管支气管炎在临床上类似于病毒性哮吼，但具有显著的发病率和死亡率。支气管镜检查发现气管内有大量脓液并及时进行气管切开术可能会减少该病的并发症。
