Henrickson Kelly J
Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Apr;16(2):242-64. doi: 10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003.
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus.
人副流感病毒（HPIV）于20世纪50年代末首次被发现。在过去十年中，人们积累了大量关于其分子结构和功能的知识。这导致了这些病毒的命名和分类关系的重大变化。HPIV在基因和抗原性上分为1至4型。已经描述了HPIV-4的进一步主要亚型（A和B）以及HPIV-1和HPIV-3的亚组/基因型。HPIV-1至HPIV-3是婴儿、幼儿、免疫功能低下者、慢性病患者和老年人下呼吸道感染的主要原因。每个亚型在不同宿主中可引起 somewhat 独特的临床疾病。HPIV是有包膜的，中等大小（150至250纳米），其RNA基因组为负链。这些病毒属于副粘病毒科，是引起重大人类和兽医疾病的最大且增长最快的病毒群之一。HPIV与最近发现的巨粘病毒（亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒）和偏肺病毒密切相关。
