Jones B A
Am J Psychother. 1983 Apr;37(2):235-44. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1983.37.2.235.
Bowlby's attachment theory is an evolutionary biological model of human affectional bonding. Secure attachment to a parental figure has survival value and is necessary for normal development of the young. When secure attachment was lacking during formative years, the adult remains anxious about the availability of attachment figures in time of need. Persons seeking psychotherapy usually have such anxious attachment. Frank has pointed out features common to all psychotherapies. These common features describe a relationship which has the characteristics of a secure attachment. Strupp notes that specific technical skills are necessary for the success of psychotherapy. The therapist directs these techniques toward changing the patient's anxious attachment to a secure one. In the context of a secure attachment, the patient is able to change his attitudes, try new behaviors, and find fresh meaning in his world.
鲍尔比的依恋理论是一种关于人类情感联结的进化生物学模型。与父母形象形成安全依恋具有生存价值，对幼儿的正常发育至关重要。在成长阶段若缺乏安全依恋，成年人在需要时仍会对依恋对象的可获得性感到焦虑。寻求心理治疗的人通常有这种焦虑依恋。弗兰克指出了所有心理治疗的共同特征。这些共同特征描述了一种具有安全依恋特征的关系。斯特鲁普指出，特定的技术技能是心理治疗成功所必需的。治疗师运用这些技术来将患者的焦虑依恋转变为安全依恋。在安全依恋的背景下，患者能够改变自己的态度，尝试新行为，并在自己的世界中找到新的意义。
