Bayly W M, Gabel A A, Barr S A
Am J Vet Res. 1983 Apr;44(4):544-53.
Seven healthy, unexercised, previously trained, adult Standardbred horses were allotted to 2 groups and trained 78 days on a treadmill set at a 7 degree 30' angle. The groups were trained on different schedules, and the effects of training on heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, systemic blood pressure, and venous lactic acid were determined. Measurements were made at rest, during exercise on the treadmill at rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, 100 m/min, and 154 m/min, and at 5 minutes after exercise (standardized exercise test). Heart rate and cardiac output decreased during the training period. Significantly slower heart rates were observed at 55 m/min by day 8, at 100 m/min and 154 m/min by day 36, at 1 minute after exercise by day 57, and at 5 minutes after exercise by day 78 (P less than 0.05). Stroke volume increased with exercise, but not significantly. The arteriovenous oxygen difference increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with each increase in work load. There was no significant increase with training, although an upward trend was recorded. Mean systemic blood pressure did not differ from resting with treadmill rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, or 100 m/min. It was greater at 154 m/min, although this was not significant. During exercise, the total peripheral resistance decreased to as little as 30% of its resting value. After exercise, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures and peripheral resistance increased. Marked increases in blood volume and blood viscosity during exercise were closely related to the decrease in peripheral resistance. There was no significant effect of training on blood pressure. Venous lactic acid concentrations at rest were greater than those of the horses on the treadmill at rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, and 100 m/min and at 5 minutes after exercise on days 1, 8, and 15. Subsequently, they were not different from resting values. Differences in the effects of the different training programs could not be detected.
将7匹健康、未运动过、之前经过训练的成年标准赛马分为2组，在倾斜角度为7度30分的跑步机上训练78天。两组采用不同的训练计划，并测定训练对心率、心输出量、每搏输出量、动静脉氧差、体循环血压和静脉乳酸的影响。测量在静息状态下、跑步机以55米/分钟、75米/分钟、100米/分钟和154米/分钟的速度运动期间以及运动后5分钟（标准化运动试验）进行。在训练期间，心率和心输出量下降。在第8天以55米/分钟的速度、第36天以100米/分钟和154米/分钟的速度、第57天运动后1分钟以及第78天运动后5分钟时观察到心率显著减慢（P<0.05）。每搏输出量随运动增加，但不显著。随着工作负荷的每次增加，动静脉氧差显著增加（P<0.05）。虽然记录到上升趋势，但训练后动静脉氧差没有显著增加。当跑步机速度为55米/分钟、75米/分钟或100米/分钟时，体循环平均血压与静息时无差异。在154米/分钟时更高，尽管这不显著。运动期间，总外周阻力降至其静息值的30%。运动后，舒张压、平均动脉血压和外周阻力增加。运动期间血容量和血液粘度的显著增加与外周阻力的降低密切相关。训练对血压没有显著影响。静息时的静脉乳酸浓度高于跑步机速度为55米/分钟、75米/分钟和100米/分钟时以及第1天、第8天和第15天运动后5分钟时的马匹。随后，它们与静息值无差异。未检测到不同训练计划效果的差异。
