Winkler I, Doherty W J
Fam Process. 1983 Jun;22(2):221-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1983.00221.x.
This study examined the conflict-related communication styles of American and Israeli couples and how these communication styles related to marital satisfaction in the two groups. An Israeli sample was recruited from Israeli couples currently living in New York City; the American sample was selected from the friendship circles of the Israeli couples. In spite of the close social ties of the two groups, we predicted that the conflict-related communication styles of the Israelis would be less calm and rational than those of the Americans and that such rational modes of communication would be positively associated with marital satisfaction for the Americans but not for the Israelis. The principle instruments were Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale, Ryder's Imagined Situation Inventory, and Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results largely confirmed the hypotheses. Israeli couples were more apt to be verbally aggressive (but less physically violent) and less apt to behave calmly during marital conflict, but these communication styles did not relate to marital satisfaction as strongly for the Israelis as for the Americans. These findings are discussed as a demonstration of the importance of considering cultural context when treating families.
本研究考察了美国夫妇和以色列夫妇与冲突相关的沟通方式，以及这些沟通方式如何与两组夫妇的婚姻满意度相关。以色列样本是从目前居住在纽约市的以色列夫妇中招募的；美国样本是从以色列夫妇的朋友圈中选取的。尽管两组有密切的社会联系，但我们预测，以色列人与冲突相关的沟通方式不如美国人冷静和理性，而且这种理性的沟通方式对美国人的婚姻满意度有正向关联，对以色列人则不然。主要工具包括施特劳斯的冲突策略量表、莱德的想象情境量表和斯帕尼尔的二元调适量表。结果在很大程度上证实了这些假设。以色列夫妇在婚姻冲突中更倾向于言语攻击（但身体暴力较少），且不太容易冷静行事，但这些沟通方式与以色列人婚姻满意度的关联程度不如与美国人的关联程度强。这些研究结果被作为在治疗家庭时考虑文化背景的重要性的例证进行了讨论。
