El Dareer A
Int J Epidemiol. 1983 Jun;12(2):138-44. doi: 10.1093/ije/12.2.138.
This article aims to determine social, religious and traditional attitudes towards the practice of female circumcision and hence to suggested methods for its abolition. A population of 3210 females and 1545 males was chosen by multi-stage random sampling from Northern Sudan. The study was carried out by means of detailed questionnaires. The results showed that the community is still in favour of the continuation of the practice of circumcision. Almost five times as many women and seven times as many men approved of its continuation than opposed it. However, even the majority of those approving circumcision were against the most severe, Pharaonic type. Those who were against circumcision tended to be better educated and/or younger, suggesting that younger generations are initiating a change of attitude in the community. Those respondents who rejected circumcision generally agreed that, because of its multi-factorial nature, a multidisciplinary approach should be used to initiate change; all possible methods should be integrated for the maximum effect. It is thought that educated and influential people should set an example by abandoning circumcision in their own families. Better health education might also be effective because the practice of circumcision is maintained by fear of criticism and ignorance of the after-effects.
本文旨在确定社会、宗教和传统对女性割礼习俗的态度，从而提出废除该习俗的方法。通过多阶段随机抽样，从苏丹北部选取了3210名女性和1545名男性作为研究对象。研究通过详细的问卷调查展开。结果显示，该社区仍然支持继续实行割礼习俗。赞成继续实行割礼的女性人数几乎是反对者的五倍，男性则是七倍。然而，即使是大多数赞成割礼的人也反对最严厉的法老式割礼。反对割礼的人往往受教育程度更高和/或更年轻，这表明年轻一代正在引发社区态度的转变。那些拒绝割礼的受访者普遍认为，由于其多因素性质，应采用多学科方法来推动变革；应整合所有可能的方法以达到最大效果。人们认为，受过教育且有影响力的人应在自己家中摒弃割礼，树立榜样。更好的健康教育也可能有效，因为割礼习俗因害怕受到批评和对后遗症的无知而得以维持。
