Schafer A
J Med Ethics. 1983 Jun;9(2):76-9. doi: 10.1136/jme.9.2.76.
The ethics of experimentation on human subjects has become the subject of much debate among medical scientists and philosophers. Ethical problems and conflicts of interest become especially serious when research subjects are recruited from the class of patients. Are patients who are ill and suffering in a position to give voluntary and informed consent? Are there inevitable conflicts of interest and moral obligation when a personal physician recruits his own patients for an experiment designed partly to advance scientific knowledge and only partly as therapy for those patients? The views of the eminent American ethicist Hans Jonas on these issues are briefly summarised and criticised, and some moral guidelines are then proposed to regulate experimentation on human subjects.
人体实验的伦理道德已成为医学科学家和哲学家们广泛争论的话题。当从患者群体中招募研究对象时，伦理问题和利益冲突就变得尤为严重。患病受苦的患者能够做出自愿且知情的同意吗？当私人医生招募自己的患者参与一项部分旨在推进科学知识、部分仅作为对这些患者的治疗的实验时，是否存在不可避免的利益冲突和道德义务呢？美国著名伦理学家汉斯·乔纳斯对这些问题的观点将被简要总结并批判，随后提出一些道德准则来规范人体实验。
