Calder W A
J Theor Biol. 1983 May 7;102(1):135-44. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(83)90266-7.
The body-size dependent relationships of mortality and longevity are examined for birds and eutherian mammals. Differences between mass exponents for maximum recorded longevity and survival times for fractions of original adult populations confirm the age-dependence of mortality in both classes and a size-dependency of population-age distribution. The potential number of offspring produced by a surviving fraction of a mammalian population appears to be a size-independent ecological constant. Social structure would be more likely in larger animals since greater continuity would be provided when a higher proportion of the population consisted of senior, experienced animals, as described by the ratio of time for survival of 1 in 1000 to maximum potential lifespan: t0.001/tmax = 0.91 m0.32/2.94 m0.20 = 0.31 m0.12, that is, the expected lifespan approaches the maximum as size increases.
对鸟类和真兽亚纲哺乳动物的体型与死亡率及寿命之间的关系进行了研究。最大记录寿命的质量指数与原始成年种群的存活时间的质量指数之间的差异证实了这两类动物死亡率的年龄依赖性以及种群年龄分布的体型依赖性。哺乳动物种群中存活部分产生的潜在后代数量似乎是一个与体型无关的生态常数。较大动物更有可能形成社会结构，因为当种群中较高比例由年长、经验丰富的动物组成时，会提供更大的连续性，如1000分之一的存活时间与最大潜在寿命的比值所描述的那样：t0.001/tmax = 0.91 m0.32/2.94 m0.20 = 0.31 m0.12，也就是说，预期寿命随着体型的增加而接近最大值。
