Civan M M
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;126:45-72.
Three specific examples have been discussed, illustrating how NMR spectroscopy has, is, and will be providing useful complementary information in the study of transepithelial sodium transport. In a brief introduction to principles of NMR, the concepts have first been presented of: nuclear magnetic energy levels, dipolar and quadrupolar interactions, bulk magnetization, Larmor frequency, chemical shift, relative integrated area, longitudinal and transverse relaxations, line width, correlation time, immobilization, compartmentalization, and nuclear exchange. In the three succeeding sections of the review, examples have been provided of how NMR can be used to quantify the degree of intracellular binding of Na+ and K+, relate measurements of the intracellular phosphates to studies of transepithelial Na+ transport, and monitor the content of intracellular Na+. Emphasis has been placed on the value of NMR spectroscopy as a non-invasive probe of nuclides of biological interest. However, note has also been made of the limited sensitivity of the technique and the complexity in analysis posed by cellular and subcellular compartmentalization. Some of these complexities are now being addressed by spin transfer NMR techniques.
文中讨论了三个具体例子，用以说明核磁共振波谱法在跨上皮钠转运研究中是如何、正在以及将会提供有用的补充信息的。在对核磁共振原理的简要介绍中，首先阐述了以下概念：核磁能级、偶极和四极相互作用、体磁化强度、拉莫尔频率、化学位移、相对积分面积、纵向和横向弛豫、线宽、相关时间、固定化、区室化以及核交换。在该综述接下来的三个部分中，列举了一些例子，说明核磁共振如何用于量化细胞内Na⁺和K⁺的结合程度、将细胞内磷酸盐的测量与跨上皮Na⁺转运的研究相关联，以及监测细胞内Na⁺的含量。重点强调了核磁共振波谱法作为一种对具有生物学意义的核素进行非侵入性探测手段的价值。然而，也指出了该技术灵敏度有限以及细胞和亚细胞区室化给分析带来的复杂性。目前，自旋转移核磁共振技术正在解决其中的一些复杂性问题。
