Schlosberg A J
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983 Jun;18(6):935-42. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(83)80017-3.
Acute administrations (IP) of caffeine produced dose-dependent changes in the body temperature of rats. Low doses (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) induced hyperthermia soon after drug administration, while high doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced maximal hypothermia approximately 2 hr later. The acute effects of caffeine were also dependent on ambient temperature. The hyperthermic and hypothermic responses were attenuated and blocked, respectively, in rats maintained at 32 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, the hypothermic response was exacerbated, and the hyperthermic response was absent. Tolerance rapidly developed to the hypothermic actions of caffeine when rats were administered the drug over 28 days. Following the emergence of tolerance, hyperthermia was observed in rats given 50 mg/kg of caffeine. The hyperthermic responses to the low doses of caffeine were not altered by the frequency of drug administration. Both the acute and chronic effects of caffeine on thermoregulation are not unlike those found for morphine. Possible mechanisms of action underlying the thermoregulatory effects of caffeine are discussed.
咖啡因腹腔注射急性给药可使大鼠体温产生剂量依赖性变化。低剂量（12.5和25毫克/千克）给药后不久会引起体温升高，而高剂量（50和100毫克/千克）给药约2小时后会产生最大程度的体温降低。咖啡因的急性作用还取决于环境温度。在32摄氏度环境下饲养的大鼠中，体温升高和降低反应分别减弱和受阻。在4摄氏度时，体温降低反应加剧，体温升高反应消失。当大鼠连续28天给药时，对咖啡因的体温降低作用会迅速产生耐受性。出现耐受性后，给予50毫克/千克咖啡因的大鼠会出现体温升高。低剂量咖啡因引起的体温升高反应不会因给药频率而改变。咖啡因对体温调节的急性和慢性作用与吗啡的作用并无不同。文中讨论了咖啡因体温调节作用的可能作用机制。
