Engfer A, Schneewind K A
Child Abuse Negl. 1982;6(2):129-39. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(82)90005-9.
This article examines a multifactorial model of causes and consequences of harsh parental punishment. The social-psychological model as developed by Gelles was extended to also include the antecedent conditions leading to rigid assertion of parental power relating to the child. Furthermore, personality problems of the child observable as consequences of harsh parental punishment were included in our model. The conditions which predict harsh parental punishment are--in the rank order of their importance: a child perceived as difficult to handle, i.e., a "problem child"; parental anger-proneness; the rigid assertion of parental power; and intra-familial problems and conflicts. As consequences of harsh parental punishment and rejection as perceived by the child, two types of personality problems were observed: a syndrome named "Conduct Disorder" and a syndrome including personality problems such as anxiety and helplessness.
本文探讨了严厉父母惩罚的成因及后果的多因素模型。盖尔斯提出的社会心理模型得到了扩展，纳入了导致父母对孩子强硬行使权力的先行条件。此外，我们的模型还纳入了作为严厉父母惩罚后果而可观察到的孩子的人格问题。预测严厉父母惩罚的条件按重要性排序如下：被认为难以管教的孩子，即“问题儿童”；父母易怒；父母权力的强硬行使；以及家庭内部问题和冲突。作为孩子所感受到的严厉父母惩罚和拒绝的后果，观察到了两种类型的人格问题：一种名为“品行障碍”的综合征，以及一种包括焦虑和无助等人格问题的综合征。
