Hawkins D R
Psychother Psychosom. 1982;38(1):54-63. doi: 10.1159/000287614.
The notion of a connection between illness and temperament goes back at least as far as Hippocrates with his typology of melancholy, sanguine, phlegmatic and choleric personality types. In the 1930s, Dunbar studied large numbers of patients with several chronic diseases from which she derived personality profiles which correlated with the illnesses. Many other studies developed similar correlations. Following the work of Alexander, this approach was deemed superficial. More recently, the description of type A behavior has consistently been shown to correlate with coronary artery disease. The concept of alexithymia is another variant of personality typology. The present status of personality and behavior patterns as markers in psychosomatic medicine are discussed as well as the possible relationship of personality profiles to genetic factors, developmental issues, psychological conflict and other approaches to psychophysiological disorders.
疾病与气质之间存在联系的观念至少可以追溯到希波克拉底，他提出了忧郁质、多血质、黏液质和胆汁质这几种人格类型。20世纪30年代，邓巴研究了大量患有多种慢性疾病的患者，从中得出了与疾病相关的人格特征。许多其他研究也得出了类似的相关性。继亚历山大的研究之后，这种方法被认为是肤浅的。最近，A型行为的描述一直被证明与冠状动脉疾病相关。述情障碍的概念是人格类型学的另一个变体。本文讨论了人格和行为模式在身心医学中作为标志物的现状，以及人格特征与遗传因素、发育问题、心理冲突和其他心理生理障碍研究方法之间可能存在的关系。
