Winkelmayer R, Exline R V, Gottheil E, Paredes A
J Clin Psychol. 1978 Jul;34(3):600-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<600::aid-jclp2270340304>3.0.co;2-a.
Asked U.S., British, and Mexican male students of college age to discriminate among three affective displays presented by 10 schizophrenic and 10 normal U.S. women. Significant main effects for diagnostic category, nationality of judge and for the interaction of nationality and diagnostic category were obtained. Furthermore, U.S. judges did significantly better in judging normals as compared to schizophrenics, British judges tended in the same direction, and Mexican judges did not. Co-nationality and national similarity confer an advantage in judging normals as compared to schizophrenics. The data have relevance for questions about the effects of sending and receiving nonverbal emotional messages on communications or miscommunications between doctor and patient, doctors from different cultures and people including conference negotiators, from different national backgrounds.
要求美国、英国和墨西哥的适龄男大学生区分10名美国精神分裂症女性和10名美国正常女性所呈现的三种情感表现。研究获得了关于诊断类别、评判者国籍以及国籍与诊断类别之间相互作用的显著主效应。此外，与评判精神分裂症患者相比，美国评判者在评判正常人方面表现明显更好，英国评判者也倾向于同一方向，而墨西哥评判者则不然。与评判精神分裂症患者相比，同国籍和民族相似性在评判正常人时具有优势。这些数据与关于发送和接收非语言情感信息对医患之间、来自不同文化的医生以及包括会议谈判者在内的具有不同民族背景的人之间的沟通或误解所产生的影响的问题相关。
