Lockwood G, Salzberg H C, Heckel R V
J Clin Psychol. 1978 Jul;34(3):718-21. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<718::aid-jclp2270340328>3.0.co;2-5.
Thirty-two male and female college students participated in six 90-minute leaderless encounter groups in which they received videotape feedback, leader-facilitated videotape feedback, or verbal feedback. Statistical analysis indicated that feedback through a visual medium had no effect on self-concept, role-playing ability, or group coherence. Groups within the experimental conditions were initially different in their ratings on the dependent measures. These differences were maintained throughout the experiment.
32名男女大学生参加了6个90分钟的无领导小组讨论，在讨论中他们分别接受了录像反馈、由组长引导的录像反馈或口头反馈。统计分析表明，通过视觉媒介进行的反馈对自我概念、角色扮演能力或团队凝聚力没有影响。处于实验条件下的小组在最初对相关测量指标的评分上就存在差异。这些差异在整个实验过程中一直存在。
