Paternal attachment behavior as related to presence at delivery and preparenthood classes: a pilot study.

This pilot study explored father-infant attachment and its relationship to preparenthood classes, presence at delivery, and infant state. The sample consisted of 48 fathers and their infants who were observed in the mother's hospital room between 12 and 72 hours after delivery. The fathers were divided into three groups: those who took classes and were present at delivery, those who were present at delivery but did not take classes, and those who neither took classes nor were present at delivery. Fathers who were present at delivery demonstrated more social attachment behavior than fathers who were not present. Also, presence at delivery was significant in regard to total attachment scores. Sleeping infants elicited significantly less attachment behavior from fathers. Preparenthood classes were not significant in regard to fathers' attachment behavior. Results of this study support the theory of a sensitive period shortly after birth for the development of the parental-infant bond for fathers as well as mothers, and demonstrates, indirectly, that alert, awake infants may elicit certain attachment behaviors from fathers.